Despite significant advances in the protection of labor rights, situations of violations are still discussed in Brazil, worsening due to vulnerability factors resulting from structural problems. The country’s conviction before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2020 stimulates this discussion, making its analysis relevant to answer the question: what vulnerability factors aggravate the situation of slave-like labor in the case «Employees of the Santo Antônio de Jesus fire factory and their families versus Brazil», judged by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in 2020? For this purpose, the method of deductive approach, the method of analytical procedure, and the technique of bibliographic research were used. It can be seen that factors related to race, gender, education, poverty, and low schooling of two workers were identified.